Opal is a glamorous mainstay in the jewelry trade. Precious opal’s play-of-color happens when white light diffracts through the silica spheres, breaking up into spectral hues. But another variety is gaining momentum: common opal. Unlike its precious counterpart, this variety lacks play-of-color. But contrary to its moniker, it’s anything but common; it comes in an array of tints, sometimes with evocative inclusions — perfect for collectors who crave the unfamiliar.
Beyond Australia
Today, Australia’s precious opal still dominates the market, supplying more than 90% of global opal output. But countries like Guatemala, Zambia, Peru, Canada, Poland, New Zealand, Indonesia, Mexico, the US and Brazil offer an exotic array of non-precious opals for consumers seeking something different.
Over the last three decades, there’s been an explosion of common opal in the market, including pink and blue material from Peru, blue-green from Indonesia, and leopard opal from Mexico, says gemologist Carlos Torres. These varieties are opaque to translucent, and specimens with even coloration and greater translucency command higher prices.
“Fine-grade pink Peruvian material might be sold between $50 and $90 per carat for 5-carat or larger sizes,” Torres reports. “Good grades sell around $20 to $50 per carat. Nearly transparent material might go for as high as $100 per carat, but stones larger than 5 carats are very rare.”
US-based Outlaw Rocks Mining Company offers a rainbow of shades, including “Oregon white, pink, red, blue, caramel, chocolate and fire opal,” according to co-owner Michelle Shepherd.
“We are in the Ring of Fire, an area prone to volcanic activity and earthquakes,” she continues, explaining the geology behind opal’s presence in the region. “The fire opal mine is full of volcanic vents from ancient hot springs, which we follow. They eventually lead to pools of opal, vugs [cavities in the rock] and seams.”
Outlaw’s chocolate translucent fire opal sells for $700 per kilogram, while orange and yellow versions are $800 per kilogram. Shepherd’s favorite is “the deep red fire opal. It’s just stunning in jewelry.”
Treating and curing
Opal is amorphous rather than crystalline, with a high water content — up to 21% in some cases. As such, it requires expert care both before and during the cutting process. Gem-cutter Mike Soebbing, owner of The Gemstone Man, learned the hard way when he began faceting Juniper Ridge opal from Idaho in 2013.
“I discovered that it must cure [dry out slowly] for at least six months prior to faceting,” he recounts. “If not cured properly, it can crack at any time during or after the cutting process. Additionally, the pieces I worked [with] slowly clouded.”
Curing methods vary, but some lapidarists place the rough in ziplock bags without drying it first, then store it away from heat for six months to a year before cutting it.
Because precious opal’s play-of-color is a highly desirable trait, treatments have been developed to bring out the stone’s best look.
Matrix opal often undergoes a simple process of cooking in a sugar solution and then immersion in sulfuric acid, which gives it a black-opal appearance. An ancient method of wrapping the stone in newspaper or bark and then cooking or smoking it is popular with Ethiopian hydrophane material — a porous precious variety that absorbs water easily — to produce that coveted black-opal façade and accentuate the play-of-color. However, common opals like Peruvian blues or pinks are not routinely treated, according to dealer Oke Millett of Discovery Gems & Jewellery.
Moving on up
With the rise of common material in the market, we can expect to see more high-end goods featuring opal. “Over the years, we have seen brands like Boucheron, Irene Neuwirth, and Lorraine Schwartz use all opal varieties, from Australian black opal to Mexican fire opal to Ethiopian Welo [smoked] opal,” states Torres.
Designer Yehouda Saketkhou affirms the appeal of the lesser-known types: “Peruvian pink opal has incredible beauty. It looks like conch pearls.”
Common opal “is so underrated,” agrees dealer Frank Schaffer, owner of FGS Gems. “I carry several grades, all the way up to the super-hot translucent material.”
And while high-quality common goods have been around for years, they’re now getting the attention they deserve. “Plenty of my top-grade opal was mined in 1999,” says Schaffer, and lately, “it’s been selling fast.
Image: Nakard by Nak ArmstrongArticle from the Rapaport Magazine - October 2022. To subscribe click here.